Governor



June 12,1945. A. N. BLAZER GOVERNOR Fi led Aug. '17, 1943 A. m m m wmw 1ATTORNEY loads.

Patented June 12, 1945 UNITED STATES PATENT "OFFICE I .GQVERNOR AlmerNewton Blazer, Mes calero, N. Mex. Application August 17, 1943, SerialvNo. 499,003

7 Claims.

' This invention relates to governors.

An object of the invention is the provision of a governor which isparticularly adapted to maintain the proper supply of fuel to the enginewherein a constant speed is maintained. Another object of the inventionis the provision of a governor on which all of the elements of thegovernor are supported on. a single shaft, thereby avoiding complicatedgearing.

A further object of the invention is the provision of a governor forcontrolling the now of fuel to an internal combustion engine inaccordance with the needs, in which the speed adjustments for the enginearestabilized automatically when the adjustments have been completed bythe governor. i

A still further object of the invention is the provision of asleeve-spool friction gear typeof governor for limiting automaticallythe function of the governor in accordance with the capacity of aninternal combustion engine This invention will be best understood from aconsideration of the following detailed description, in view of theaccompanying drawingforming a part of the specification; nevertheless,it is to be understood that the invention-is not confined to thedisclosure, being susceptible of such changes and modifications asdefine no material departure from the salient features of the inventionas expressed in the appended claims.

In the drawing: Fig. 1 is a plan view of a centrifugal governor withaccessories constructed-according to the principles of my invention. 4

Fig. 2 is a side view of the same.

Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical section along the line 3-3 of Fig. 2. x

aken

Referring more particularly to the drawing, l-

generally designates a bracket which has a. portion I l, adapted to besecured by means of bolts passing through perforations l2, formed-in theI perforations in the flanges. a

The bracket has a lateralaextension zfl adj acent its" outer end, andapairzof spaced. ears-21 exat varying The split ring .I 6 has an.internal passage which is threaded to receive the threads of a sleeve 25which has a manipulating. disk 26. This sleeve has a longitudinalpassage forming a bearing for the governor shaft 15. The sleeve 25 maybe adjusted longitudinally of the split ring l5 by rotation of the disk26 for a. purpose which will be presently explained.

The governor element per se. is generally designated by the numeral '30and includes ancollar 3|. with a pair of diametrically spaced. cars 32in which the. inner ends of theusual weighted arms. 33 are pivotallyconnected as shown at 34. Weights 35 are secured to the outer ends.ofthe arms 33. I

The collar 31. is firmly attached to the governor shaft l5, byusetscrews or otherwise, and abuts on the inner endof the threaded sleeve25.- .A

set collar 26 4s abutted. on the outer end of the sleeve 25 and is, alsofirmly secured to the governor shaft l5 whereby the threaded sleeve- 25becomes a. double thrust bearing to determine the longitudinal position.of the shaft 15 and. th governor 30 thereto attached.v

A link 36 is connected with each. arm 33 by a pin 31. These. linksextend inwardly from the arms andare pivotally connected at 38 to cars39 diametrically disposed on the inner end of the sleeve 40. The sleeve40, slidably fitted to the governor shaft 15,.- is keyed with a featherto limited in longitudinal movement. spring 4i surrounds the shaft l5andhas one end in contact with the collar 3| while the other endcontacts-theinner end ofv the sleeve 41].. The spring will at all timestend to force the sleeve to the left in Fig. 1, and. in the directionindie cated by the arrow in said figure so that the weights .35 tend tomovev towards each other and this. is. particularly true when the speedof rotation of. the shaft S-falls below a'p're-determined I rate.

A friction gear 45 has 'an integrally formed collar 46: resting ontheportion l3 ofthe bracket Ill. This gear is secured to a shaft 41which has abearing '48 in the portion [3 ofthe bracket.

A plug valve 50 is secured to the lower end of the shaft 41 and isenclosedwithin a casing 5| incorporatedwithin a fuel supply pipe 52.

A friction. disk 53 is 'mountedon the inner end of the sleeve 40adjacent the periphery of the gear 45. A second friction disk 54 issecured to the outer end of the sleeve 40 adjacent the bearing 14 on thebracket (0. These disks are adapted to engage the periphery of the gear45 alternately. These disks, however, do not at any time come intoengagement with the periphery of the cut-away portion 55 of the gear 45.The cut-away portion, as shown at 56 and'5l, forms shoulders on the diskfor a purpose which will be presently explained.

A friction valve gear 45 is mounted in the bracket member l3 of thebracket H3, adjacent to the sleeve 48, of such diameter as will permitalternating contact of the friction disks 53 and 54 with the peripheryof the said gear 45 but without contact when centered on the sleeve 40.

It will be noted that the sleeve 48 is pro- Vided with a pair of spacedcollars 58 and 59, and the opposite ends of these collars are taperedwith the inner ends being spaced from each other to form a taperedgroove to receive a complementarily tapered portion 60 of a weighted arm6! which is pivotally mounted on a pin 62 carried by the bearings 22 onthe: ends of the ears 2|. Collars 63 which form a long bearing and whichare mounted on the pin 62 maintain the arm GI in such position that itwill fall into the central groove 54 formed by the oblique sidedportions of the collars 5B and 5 9 when these collars are in alinementwith the center of the friction valve gear. At the time of assemblingthe valve 50, the shaft 47 and the friction valve gear, with an apertureH of the valve 50 is alined with thefuel supply pipe 52, and thefriction valve gear, positioned with the shoulders 56 and 5?.equidistant from a brake member 18 when the arm 6| lies in the groove64. A pulley B5 is secured to the inner end of the shaft i5 and isdriven by a belt from a revolving part of the engine. It will be seenfrom this construction that all of the elements of the governor and itsassociated parts are carried by the shaft I5 which in turn is supportedby the bracket III. The sleeve 40 is splined to the shaft I5 so that itmay be moved back and forth and revolved simultaneously by said shaftfor rotating the disks 53 and 54 whereby when one of these disks ismoved into contact with the periphery of the gear 45, said gear will berevolved for operating the valve 50 to closed or open position or tointermediate positions. It is to be borne in mind that when the valve 50and likewise the disk 45 has been moved through 90 degrees from itsposition shown in Figs. 2 and 3, said valve will be.

closed; This is true whether the disk 45 is moved in one direction or inthe opposite direction. The closed position for the valve 50 in eitherdirection of rotation will be determined by the shoulders 56 and 51 whensaid shoulders engage the upstanding or bent portion T of the arm 6|, sothat the gear 45 will be held against further rotation. When the shaft Iis rotated, in either direction, a point of equilibrium is inducedbetween the centrifugal force of the governor arms 33 and the tension ofthe spring 4!. This point is constant in position at. any constant speedof the governor, but varies, longitudinally, with any change of thespeed of the governor. This point I have designated the normal for anygiven speed of the engine.

Adjustment of the threaded sleeve to the left in the threaded passage Itwill move the governor to the left, together with the shaft l5 and thesleeve 40, in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 1, ,by the increasedtension on the spring 4!, to open the valve 50 to the extent required toincrease the speed of the engine, and thereby the governor, increasingthe centrifugal force to withdraw the sleeve 49 at the normal of thenewly adjusted position, whereby the aperture ll of the valve 55 isstabilized by the brake member 10. On the other hand, adjustment of thethreaded sleeve to the right reverses the effect, reducing the tensionon the spring 4|, closing the valve 50 to the newly adjusted positionand stabilizing the normal at the reduced speed. After the properadjustment of the sleeve had been made, the bolt I8 which had beenpreviously loosened is then tightened to retain the sleeve 25 in itsadjusted position.

With the elements shown in their respective positions, it will be notedthat the disks 53 and 54 are out of contact with the periphery of thedisk and the weighted arm BI is resting in the groove 64 on the sleeve46. These positions of the elements are maintained until disturbed by achange of speed of the governor, by change of load or pressure on theengine, or otherwise, which is automatically corrected by the governor,as described.

The independent throttle is provided for starting and stopping theengine, and may be used, incidentally, to approximate a desired normal.The reduced speed, as the engine stops, causes the governor tov open thevalve to full capacity, whereby the full volume of the fuel supply isavailable for starting the engine under load, and as the engine gainsspeed, is automatically adjusted and stabilized by the'governor at thenormal of the previous adjustment.

This normal is referred to the valve 50 by the automatic action of thegovernor through the sleeve 40, friction gear 45, and valve shaft 41,adjusting the opening H in the valve 50 according to the requirements ofthe engine at the ad- J'usted normal.

The normal is now stabilized by the clamp screw l8 on the threadedsleeve 25, and the independent throttle fully opened, referring controlof the engine speed to the valve 50 of the governor assembly.

An increased speed of the engine, through reduction of load, pressure onthe engine, or otherwise,. increases the centrifugal force of theweighted arms 33 of the governor 30 and withdraws the sleeve 40 againstthe tension of the spring 4! by the links 36, raising the arm Bl of thebrake member 70 on the oblique side 58 of the groove 64 to release thebrake member :0 from contact with the reduced section of the peripheryof the friction. gear 45, and contact the friction disk 54 with theperiphery of the friction gear 45 to reduce the opening in the valve 50,through the valve shaft 41, until all the governing parts resume theirnormal positions, through the reduced flow of the fuel to the enginethrough the valve 50.

A reduced speed of the engine reduces the centrifugal force of theweighted arms 33 of the governor 30, whereby the tension of the spring4| advances the sleeve 40, raising the arm 61 on the face 59 of thegroove 64, to release the brake member 10, and contact the friction disk53 with the periphery of the valve gear 45, to open the valve .50 to apoint where the normal is restored and the opening of the valve 50 isagain stabilized at the normal'for the engine speed.

It is apparent by this construction, 'that the goverhorprovides a normalpoint of equilibrium for anyspeed withinthe capacity of the engine,

asserts which whenreierred to theopening of the sup screw l8 on thethreaded sleeve 25'and maintainedby the action-of theslieeve 40' on thefuel supply valve 50 of thefengine through the valve shaft 41, and'automaticallystabilized by the brake member The engine is stopped'andstarted by the independent throttle, and resumes th adjusted speedautomaticallm' under any load orpr'e'ssure onthe engine, and may be:changedb'y' manipulation (of the sleeve 25"to any speed withinthecapacityof the engine whileinniotiom- In operation with theengine inmot-ion, the crown belt pulley drive '65 driven from the -n-' gi-neshaft rotates the governor shaft in a defined relation-to theengine-speed and'atany speed of the governor shaft an equilibrium'eXis-ts be tween the centrifugal force of the weights35 and the springil. At this time, the 'sleevefdll is stationary on the shaft.

When the shaft is adjusted by the governor, the central groove will becentered on the valve'gear 45 and the brake mem'ber'Bl will lie in thegroove 64 thereby stabilizingthe flowof' the fuel totheenginethroughthevalve 50.

If the speed "of the engine is too great, the centrifugal force of theweights 35 will move the sleeve inwardly and the brake member is thusraised by the collar 58, so that the friction disk 54 will engagetheperiphery of the valve gear 45 as has been previously explained.

1 when w adjusted by. the goverply verve of the engine is'stab'il-iz'edbythe clamp opposed to centrifugal force' tending to maintain the disksout of contact with the gear, said sleeve having a: circumferentialgroove, aweig-hted arm pivoted-at one end on the bracket, the free endof the arm being received: by the groove. when said groove is alinedwith the center of the gear, and means for causing rotation of thesh'aftn 2. A centrifugal governor comprising a shaft,

' a. bracket supporting the. shaft, a sleeve slidable the gear andadapted -to engagesaid gear alternately when the sleeve. is. oscillatedby the governor,;the governor including a resilient means op osed tocentrifugal force tending tomaintain the disks'out of contact withthegear,said sleeve having rig-circumferential groove, a weighted arm Whenthe speed of the engine is reduced, the

spring 4| reverses the movement of the sleeve 40 and the friction disk53 engages the periphery of the valve gear and thus rotates the va1ve50to a point where the flow of fuel to the engine is the amount requiredto produce the speed of the governor as adjusted.

The speed of the engine is determined by the longitudinal position ofthe governor, with relation to the Valve gear 45, which is controlled byadjustment of the threaded sleeve 25 to centralize the sleeve 40 on thevalve gear when the governor is in the desired, normalized position, butsuch adjustment is always made withthe view of locating the groove 64 inthe sleeve 40 in.aline ment with the free end of the brake lever =6l sothat the free end of said lever can fall into the groove. The change inadjustment of the member 25 can be made during the time when the engineis idle or when the governor is in opera-: tion.

It will be seen by this construction that a slight change of the enginespeed will show by a slight contact of the friction gear for a slightcorrection of speed while a greater changeof the speed of the enginewill apply a greater amount of power in proportion to the work to bedone. Thus, full throttling to idling is accomplished almost as quicklyasaslight change.

I claim:

1. A centrifugal governor comprising a shaft, a bracket supporting theshaft, a sleeve slidable on one end of said shaft and feathered thereon,a valve gear below the sleeve, said governor including links connectingweighted arms thereof to the sleeve and mounted on the other end of theshaft, friction disks connected to the sleeve at diametrically oppositepoints on the gear, said friction disks being spaced from the peripheryof the gear andv adapted to engage said gear alternately when the sleeveis oscillated by the governor, the governor including a, resilient means pivoted at oneendon -the'br'acket, the fre-e'end of the arm' beingreceivedrby the groove when said groove is alined with the. center. of:the gear, and means for causing rotation'of .the'shaft.

3. A. centrifugal governor comprising ashaft, means for supporting saidshaft, a: sleeve having an annular groovemidway ofv its ends andslidably keyed to said shaft, a gear carried by the supporting meanswith the axis of the gear alining with the center of the groove, aweighted arm pivoted at oneend, the free end of the arm resting in thegroove when said groove is alined with the center of said gear, thegovernor includingcentrifugally operated arms with links connecting thearms with sleeve, a resilient means opposed to the centrifugal forceacting on the sleeve tending to maintain the annular groove inalinement'with the center of the gear, means on the sleeve adapted toengage alternately diametrically opposite points on the gear for caus- Iing rotation of the gear in opposite directions, and means for causingrotation of the shaft. v

4. A centrifugal governor comprising a shaft, means for supporting saidshaft, a sleeve. having an annular groove midway of its ends and slidably keyed to said shaft, a gear carried by the supporting means withthe axis of the gear alining with the center of the groove, aweightedarm pivoted at one end, the free end of the arm resting in thegroove when said groove is alined with the center of said gear, thegovernor including centrifugally operated arms with links connecting thearms with the sleeve, aresilient means opposed to thecentrifugal forceacting on the sleeve tending to maintain the annular groove in alinementwith the center of the gear, means on the sleeve adapted to engagealternately diametrically opposite points on the gear for causingrotation of the gear in opposite directions, cooperating means betweenthe gear and arm for limiting rotation of the gear in two directions,and means for causing rotation ofthe shaft.

5. A centrifugal governor comprising a shaft, means for supporting saidshaft, a sleeve having an annular groove midway of its ends and slidably keyed to said shaft, a gear carried by the supporting means withthe axis of the gear alining with the center of the groove, a weightedarm pivoted at one end,the free end of the arm resting in the groovewhen said groove is alined with the center of said gear, the governorincluding centrifugally operated arms with links connecting the armswith the sleeve, a resilient means opposed to the centrifugal forceacting on the sleeve, tending to maintain the annular groove inalinement with the center of the gear, means on .the sleeve adapted toengage alternately diametrically opposite points on the gear for causingrotation of the gear in opposite directions, a'

shoulder on the gear at each side of the arm adapted to engage the armfor limiting angular rotation of the gear in one direction or in theopposite direction, and means for causing rotation of the shaft.

6. A valve operating mechanism comprising a shaft adapted to be revolvedat varying speeds, a bracket for supporting the opposite ends of theshaft and provided with a lateral extension, an arm extendingtransversely over the shaft and having a bent portion pivoted on thefree end of the extension, a sleeve slidably keyed on the shaft andprovided with an annular groove to receive the free end of the armtending to maintain the sleeve in a predetermined position, a governormounted on the shaft and having centrifugally-operated arms connected tothe sleeve for causing oscillation of said sleeve, a spring actingagainst the centrifugal force on the arms, a gear associated with thesleeve for actuating the valve, spaced means on the sleeve rotatedthereby and adapted to engage alternately dia metrically oppositeportions of the periphery of the gear when the sleeve is reciprocatedfor causing the gear to be rotated in opposite directions.

'7. A valve operating mechanism comprising a shaft adapted to berevolved at varying speeds, a bracket for supporting the opposite endsof the shaft and provided with a lateral extension, an arm extendingtransversely over the shaft and having a bent portion pivoted on thefree end of the extension, a sleeve slidably keyed on the shaft andprovided with an annular groove to receive the free end of the armtending to maintain the sleeve in a predetermined position, a governormounted on the shaft and having centrifugallyoperated arms connected tothe sleeve for causing oscillation of said sleeve, a spring actingagainst the centrifugal force on the arms, a gear associated withthesleeve for actuating the valve, spaced means on the sleeve rotatedthereby and adapted to engage alternately diametrically oppositeportions of the periphery of the gear when the sleeve is reciprocatedfor causing the gear to be rotated in opposite directions, said gearhaving a shoulder at each side of the arm and engageable with the bentportion of the arm for limiting the angular rotation of the gear ineither direction.

ALMER NEWTON BLAZER.

